Intelligent Road Safety and Accident Prevention System

Description:

The Intelligent Road Safety and Accident Prevention System is a student working model built on a 40 × 50 cm foam board or sun board platform that aims to showcase how basic electronics and sensor technology can be applied to reduce road accidents through intelligent alerts.

This model uses IR (Infrared) sensor modules to detect obstacles or sudden movements near a simulated road or vehicle. When an obstacle is detected within range, the system immediately triggers a buzzer and LED alert, indicating a potential danger. The circuit is powered through a 7805 voltage regulator and features transistors (BC547 & BC557) to switch and amplify signals, along with diodes and resistors for protection and signal conditioning.

It helps students understand how simple electronic circuits can contribute to real-world road safety applications, such as vehicle collision detection, automated road barriers, and smart crossings.

🧰 Materials Used:

• Foam board / Sun board – for road layout and structural base (40 × 50 cm)
• IR Sensor Modules – to detect obstacles or movements
• BC547 Transistor – NPN switching
• BC557 Transistor – PNP switching
• 7805 Voltage Regulator – to ensure constant 5V supply
• Diodes – to prevent reverse current damage
• Buzzer – to raise an audio alarm
• LEDs – to give visual alert
• Resistors – for current control
• Connecting Wires – to link all circuit components

⚙️ How It Works (Working Principle):

1. IR sensors monitor for any obstacles or movement in a designated zone.
2. Upon detection:
   • Transistors switch ON the alert circuit
   • Buzzer starts beeping
   • LEDs flash to visually alert users
3. The 7805 voltage regulator ensures that the entire circuit operates safely at 5V, even if powered from a 9V or 12V source.

✅ Features:

• Real-time obstacle detection
• Audio-visual warning system
• Compact and easily demonstrable layout
• Teaches basics of sensor-triggered alerts using analog electronics
• Works without microcontrollers (non-Arduino-based)

🎯 Educational Value:

Students will learn about:

• Infrared sensor operations
• Basic transistor switching circuits
• Real-world applications of buzzers and LEDs in safety
• Use of voltage regulators for consistent power supply
• Integration of analog components for automation