KNEE HAMMER

A knee hammer, often referred to as a reflex hammer, is a medical tool used by healthcare professionals, primarily to test deep tendon reflexes. Testing reflexes is an essential part of the neurological physical examination in order to assess the peripheral and central nervous system.

**Design and Features of a Knee Hammer:**

1. **Handle:** Typically made of metal or plastic, the handle of the reflex hammer allows for a comfortable and secure grip when performing reflex tests.

2. **Hammerhead:** The hammerhead is usually rubber and may be triangular, circular, or T-shaped, depending on the specific design of the hammer. The shape of the hammerhead can affect the precision and force of the reflex elicitation.

3. **Weight and Balance:** The weight and balance of the hammer are designed to deliver the right amount of force with minimal effort, enhancing the accuracy of the reflex test.

**Types of Reflex Hammers:**

– **Taylor Hammer:** One of the most common types, characterized by its triangular rubber head. It is often used in North America.

– **Babinski Hammer:** Features a metal handle with a swiveling, pointed head. This type is used for both reflex testing and to check the Babinski response by stroking the foot.

– **Tromner Hammer:** A heavier, dual-headed hammer that can be used for both superficial and deep reflexes.

– **Queen Square Hammer:** Popular in the United Kingdom, it has a cylindrical handle and a plastic disk at the end which is typically used without significant force.

**Uses of Knee Hammers in Medicine:**

– **Reflex Testing:** The primary use of a reflex hammer is to check reflexes by tapping sharply on tendons. Common sites include the knee (patellar tendon), elbow (biceps and triceps tendons), wrist, and ankles.

– **Neurological Evaluations:** Reflex tests help diagnose abnormalities in the nervous system. They are integral in assessments for conditions like multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, and spinal cord injuries.

– **Educational Tool:** In medical education, reflex hammers are used to teach students about neurological functions and how to conduct a physical neurologic examination effectively.

Reflex hammers are a staple tool in neurology and general physical examinations due to their simple design and critical role in assessing reflexes, which can provide vital clues about neurological health.