Auto breaking to avoid road accident

Auto breaking to avoid road accident

Introduction

The Auto Braking System to Avoid Road Accidents is a student-friendly working model designed to demonstrate the application of automatic braking technology in vehicles. This project showcases how sensors can detect obstacles and trigger an automatic braking mechanism, preventing potential collisions and ensuring road safety. It provides students with hands-on experience in automotive safety systems.

Components and Materials

1. Microcontroller (Arduino/ESP32) – Processes sensor data and controls the braking system.
2. Ultrasonic Sensor – Detects obstacles in the vehicle’s path.
3. Servo Motor – Simulates the braking mechanism.
4. DC Motor – Represents the vehicle’s movement.
5. Motor Driver Module (L298N) – Controls the DC motor based on microcontroller commands.
6. Power Supply (Battery or Adapter) – Powers the entire system.
7. Wheels and Chassis – Forms the base of the vehicle model.
8. LED Indicators – Displays system status (e.g., obstacle detected).
9. Buzzer (Optional) – Alerts users when the braking system is activated.
10. Foam Board/Sunboard – Provides a sturdy base for the working model.
11. Connecting Wires – Links all components for smooth functionality.

Working Principle

1. The ultrasonic sensor continuously emits ultrasonic waves and measures the time taken for them to bounce back after hitting an obstacle.
2. The microcontroller calculates the distance to the obstacle based on the sensor readings.
3. If the distance falls below a predefined safety threshold, the microcontroller stops the DC motor and activates the servo motor to simulate braking.
4. Simultaneously, an LED or buzzer may be triggered to indicate the activation of the braking system.

Circuit Diagram

The circuit includes:

• Ultrasonic sensor connected to the microcontroller.
• DC motor controlled via a motor driver.
• Servo motor connected to the microcontroller for braking simulation.
• Power supply for all components. Detailed diagrams can be provided for assembly.

Programming

The microcontroller is programmed to:

• Continuously read data from the ultrasonic sensor.
• Compare the detected distance to a preset threshold.
• Trigger the servo motor to simulate braking and stop the DC motor when an obstacle is detected.

Testing and Calibration

1. Test the ultrasonic sensor for accurate distance measurements.
2. Calibrate the braking threshold based on the speed of the DC motor.
3. Test the system in different scenarios to ensure reliable performance.

Advantages

• Promotes road safety by demonstrating collision avoidance.
• Provides practical insights into modern automotive safety systems.
• Simple and cost-effective to build.

Disadvantages

• Limited to simulation and small-scale applications.
• Requires technical knowledge for assembly and programming.

Key Features

• Obstacle detection using ultrasonic sensors.
• Automatic braking simulation with servo motors.
• Compact and educational design for students.

Applications

• Ideal for science projects and exhibitions.
• Demonstrates real-world automotive technologies in classrooms.
• Provides a foundation for advanced safety system designs.

Safety Precautions

1. Ensure secure connections to avoid short circuits.
2. Use low-voltage components to prevent electrical hazards.
3. Test the model in a controlled environment.

Conclusion

The Auto Braking System to Avoid Road Accidents is an engaging and educational model that introduces students to the principles of modern automotive safety technology. By building this project, students learn the importance of automation and innovation in ensuring road safety.