OHM’S LAW WORKING MODEL

OHM’S LAW

**What is Ohm’s Law?**

Ohm’s Law is a fundamental principle in electricity that relates the voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical circuit. It states that the current (\( I \)) flowing through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage (\( V \)) across the two points, and inversely proportional to the resistance (\( R \)) of the conductor.

**Mathematical Representation:**

Ohm’s Law is mathematically expressed as:

V = I x R

Where:
– \( V \) is the voltage across the conductor (measured in volts, V).
– \( I \) is the current flowing through the conductor (measured in amperes, A).
– \( R \) is the resistance of the conductor (measured in ohms, Ω).

**Explanation:**

1. **Voltage (\( V \))**: Voltage is the electrical potential difference between two points in a circuit. It represents the “push” or “force” that drives electric current through a conductor. Voltage is measured in volts (V) and is typically provided by a battery or power source.

2. **Current (\( I \))**: Current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor. It represents the rate of flow of electric charge and is measured in amperes (A). Current flows from the positive terminal of the battery, through the circuit, and back to the negative terminal.

3. **Resistance (\( R \))**: Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current in a conductor. It depends on the material, length, and cross-sectional area of the conductor. Resistance is measured in ohms (Ω) and is represented by the symbol \( R \).

**Application:**

Ohm’s Law is used to calculate any of the three variables (\( V \), \( I \), or \( R \)) when the other two are known. For example:
– If the voltage (\( V \)) and resistance (\( R \)) are known, current (\( I \)) can be calculated using \( I = V/R).
– If the current (\( I \)) and resistance (\( R \)) are known, voltage (\( V \)) can be calculated using \( V = I x R ).
– If the voltage (\( V \)) and current (\( I \)) are known, resistance (\( R \)) can be calculated using \( R = V/I).

**Importance:**

Understanding Ohm’s Law is crucial in designing, analyzing, and troubleshooting electrical circuits. It forms the basis for various applications in electronics, telecommunications, and electrical engineering. Mastery of Ohm’s Law enables students to comprehend and manipulate electrical circuits effectively.

Ohm’s Law provides a simple and fundamental relationship that allows engineers and technicians to analyze and design electrical circuits. It is used to calculate voltage, current, or resistance when the other two values are known. Additionally, Ohm’s Law is the basis for many other electrical laws and formulas used in circuit analysis and design.